China’s RISC-V Revolution and the New Era of Tech Sovereignty
In the intricate tapestry of global technology, few threads have been as transformative as China’s recent strides in semiconductor independence. The unveiling of the Lingyu
From Protection to Prosperity: The Role of Tariffs in Financing Early America
In the early days of the United States, long before the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment in 1913 introduced a federal income tax, the U.S.
The Tariffs Battles of the 19th Century: Industrial Growth and Political Divide
In 19th-century America, few policy tools were as powerful—or as divisive—as tariffs. Long before income taxes became the government’s primary funding source, tariffs were at
How Tariffs Built Railroads, Factories, and the American Dream (1800–1912)
From the dusty ports of Boston to the booming railroads that stretched across the American frontier, tariffs were more than just economic levers—they were the
From Smoot-Hawley to the WTO: A Century of Trade Policy Shifts
The story of U.S. trade policy over the past century is one of dramatic transformation—from the steep isolationist tariffs of the early 20th century to
The Rise of Free Trade and the Decline of Tariffs: 1945 to 2000
The end of World War II marked the beginning of an extraordinary shift in global trade policy. While the early 20th century was defined by